Caspian 2 - PONARS Eurasia

Value Tradeoffs and America’s Caspian Policy: Energy, the Environment, and Sustainable Development

The Caspian Sea embodies one of the crucial tensions of international politics. On one hand, its vast deposits of oil and gas beckon political elites and multinational corporations to compete…

Domestic Politics and Russia’s Caspian Policy

The known volume of Caspian oil and gas reserves is immense, and new discoveries are reported regularly. With deposits of oil alone totaling perhaps 200 billion tons, the Caspian stands…

Russia’s International Integration and Caspian Sea Oil

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia's international integration has been complicated by both its economic weakness and its unpredictable foreign policy. In 1996-97, as a result of the…

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