Russia’s Icebreakers, North Sea Route, and Invasion of Ukraine
Even before Soviet times, Russian icebreakers were considered one of the country’s main strengths in the Arctic. As Vice Admiral Stepan Makarov put it over a century ago in 1897,…
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Aliyev
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Ukraine’s Asymmetric Responses to the Russian Invasion
(PONARS Eurasia Commentary) When can a weaker actor win against a far stronger player? For decades, Russian military experts and political elite have suggested that Russia should use asymmetric means…